India gears up to regulate mobile banking
by Mark Pickens: Wednesday, February 27, 2008
RBI Executive Director R B Barman said this week that a central bank committee is examining the regulatory challenges raised by mobile banking. The committee is expected to report recommendations next month, leading next to RBI drafting the requisite changes to the country’s regulatory framework.
The report is the latest or progressively more encouraging signs from RBI that it plans to provide additional guidance for mobile banking to take off. In its Financial Sector Technology Vision document, released in October, RBI indicated it sees high potential for electronic banking to increase efficiency in retail banking. But RBI is also concerned about mobile security, particularly authenticating users accessing bank accounts remotely.
RBI is also closely watching several pilot schemes using mobile connectivity to improve access to financial services among low-income Indians. As the Economist reported earlier this month, one program in Andhra Pradesh is testing how to deliver pensions and unemployment benefits to around half a million people in villages, via specially-equipped mobile phones in the hands of local payment agents and smart cards issued to recipients. A parallel POS-based system is also being tested. So far, 40,000 cards have been issued.
What’s not yet clear is whether RBI guidance on mobile phone banking will be mostly concerned with mainstream banks providing mobile as an additional channel for current customers, or whether RBI will extend permission to some more far-reaching initiatives. Will mobile operators get a window to become licensed to provide electronic wallets for international remittances, bill payments and other payment services?
The G2P pilot in Andhra Pradesh also makes extensive use of local payment agents, and we understand at least some of these to be local merchants. In rural areas, its often the local store owner who has enough liquidity to pay out cash on the government’s behalf. But so far, RBI regulation on outsourcing doesn’t provide clear permission for banks, microfinance institutions or mobile operators to follow suit and use local merchants to extend banking services in places where bank branches may otherwise be too expensive to build. Will RBI make regulatory changes on issues like this, too?
